The Mountains Shall Drip Sweet Wine

A Biblical Theology of Alcohol

John Anthony Dunne
Softcover · 320 pages

Available October 7, 2025

What does the Bible say about alcohol?

Evangelical Christianity has a complicated relationship with alcohol. For years, many believers have welcomed it as a gift from God, while others have rejected it as a definite, Spirit-quenching sin. But what does the Bible actually say about alcohol and its use?

Alcohol is a pervasive theme throughout the Bible. In The Mountains Shall Drip Sweet Wine, John Anthony Dunne offers an exhaustive exploration of the references to alcohol and its related imagery within the Old and New Testaments. His biblical-theological approach allows for the nuance of the genres and historical periods of the Bible to shed light on how we are to approach the topic.

In his thorough account, Dunne argue that the symbolism of wine and other fermented drinks in the Bible is multifaceted and complex--as a good vintage itself would be. We must be attuned to the various ways in which biblical authors deploy this motif, dripping with theological symbolism, when they speak of creation, covenant, kingdom, wise decision-making, and more. The Bible's kingdom-oriented imagery communicates a call for wisdom in the everyday life of the Christian disciple with an overarching vision that what Christians think about alcohol, regardless of position, has significant impact on community life.

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About the Author

JOHN ANTHONY DUNNE (PhD, University of St. Andrews) is Associate Professor of New Testament at Bethel Seminary in Saint Paul, Minnesota, and Research Associate in New Testament and Related Literature at the University of Pretoria in South Africa. He is also the author of Persecution and Participation in Galatians and Reading Galatians.

Praise for The Mountains Shall Drip Sweet Wine

John Anthony Dunne does an excellent job of describing alcoholic drinks in the biblical world, how alcohol is portrayed in biblical imagery, and even the relevance of things like “new wine” for Christian hopes about the future. At the same time, he provides an uncompromising exposition of biblical prohibitions against drunkenness and recognizes the gravity of abusing alcohol as well as the risks of alcoholism. Dunne provides a sane and sober analysis of what is for many a difficult topic of the Bible: alcohol and the Christian life. 

REV. DR. MICHAEL F. BIRD, Deputy Principal at Ridley College, Melbourne, Australia

This is more than a book to help Christians determine whether to drink or not to drink. It is more than an encyclopedia of every mention of alcoholic beverages in the Bible (although it is thorough in its scope). It is more than even a book about wine in the Bible. In this volume, Dunne explores how the biblical authors employ images—literal and figurative—of beer, wine, wine growing, and winemaking. He helps us see the wide-ranging use of such images to signal variable theological themes, including exile, judgment, restoration, blessing, and eschatological abundance. If you wonder if there is all that much to say about wine in the Bible, there is! And you'll find it here. I highly recommend this comprehensive and accessible book. 

JEANNINE K. BROWN, The David Price Professor of Biblical and Theological Foundations, Bethel Seminary, Saint Paul, Minnesota 

What I love about this rich biblical theology of the symbolism, production, and use of alcohol is the theologically mindful posture that Dunne gifts to us—whether you imbibe or not— that is aware of how alcohol represents both the goodness of God as well as the responsibilities of his people. John Dunne doesn't merely tackle the modern debates about alcohol in Scripture but resurrects the ancient enchantment of alcohol, seeing it as divine gift and miracle. He enables us to see the picture unfolding regarding our covenantal relationship with God and one another and how the production and use of alcohol orients us toward creation and new creation. This book is more than an academic study—it is a promise. 

AIMEE BYRD, author of Saving Face, The Hope in Our Scars, and Recovering from Biblical Manhood and Womanhood 

If, as the psalmist observes, wine makes the human heart glad, then so also will reading John Anthony Dunne’s discussion of its place in Christian Scripture. He is rigorous and informative without being dull and pedantic. In short, Dunne has produced a sober analysis of an intoxicating topic! 

COURTNEY FRIESEN, Professor of Religious Studies and Classics at the University of Arizona and author of Reading Dionysus 

John Anthony Dunne has brewed up for us a rich and refreshing biblical theology of alcohol, a theme that is as vital as it is (until now) underexplored. His distillation of the technical, cultural, and theological aspects of fermented drinks is sure to gladden the hearts of many. Three cheers for the author!   

REV. DR. ANDREW JUDD, Deputy Principal and Lecturer in Old Testament, Ridley College, Melbourne, Australia and author of Modern Genre Theory: An Introduction for Biblical Studies 

With a range of insights into not only the material production of alcoholic beverages but also thoughtful understanding within material, literary, and social contexts, Dunne’s book is clearly the new essential work for anyone interested in understanding drinking in the Bible. Whether wine, beer, or otherwise, Dunne’s work sheds light not only on this consumptive act in the Bible but also on biblical society and life more broadly. Whether one is a Jew, a Christian, or just otherwise interested in biblical drinking, this is an indispensable and comprehensive look at this element of biblical life. 

RABBI DREW KAPLAN, host of The Jewish Drinking Show 

Lay person, seasoned theologian, and would-be archaeologist alike will benefit from John Dunne’s up-to-date and very lucid exposition of the many biblical passages that revolve around a fermented beverage, preeminently grape wine. He unlocks the metaphorical complexity and richness of this ethereal beverage in God’s covenant with Israel and the Last Supper’s foreshadowing of the heavenly banquet promised by the prophets and in the book of Revelation. 

PATRICK McGOVERN, Scientific Director of the Biomolecular Archaeology Project for Cuisine, Fermented Beverages, and Health, University of Pennsylvania Museum, author of Ancient Wine: The Search for the Origins of Viniculture, and Ancient Brews: Rediscovered and Re-Created 

In this book, Dunne provides a valuable resource for understanding the many ways that Scripture alludes to alcohol use, especially the many theological points that use this imagery. Dunne is both informative and poetic in his approach to the topic. 

MADISON N. PIERCE, Associate Professor of New Testament at Western Theological Seminary 

Dunne has produced a work that is rich and detailed as he explores the biblical traditions around alcohol. In a work that is both scholarly and pastoral, The Mountains Shall Drip Sweet Wine offers an insightful theology of alcohol that invites the reader to move beyond typical taboos around whether Christians should or should not drink. Dunne opens the ancient world and the biblical text to demonstrate that wine and alcohol provide a critical thread running through the Bible that relates to God’s engagement and love for the world. This is a book that challenges unfounded negative assumptions about alcohol and celebrates the gift of wine as a critical theological sign and symbol of God’s kingdom.  

MARK W. SCARLATA, Senior Lecturer in Old Testament, St Mellitus College, author of Wine, Soil, and Salvation in the Hebrew Bible and New Testament 

The Mountains Shall Drip Sweet Wine is a brilliant addition to the growing collection of work that focuses on alcohol and drinking in the Bible. Dunne provides thorough detail on every aspect of viticulture and also does not ignore the important role of beer that was consumed widely in the ancient world. Insightful exegesis of a range of relevant biblical passages is illuminating for all readers, whether new to the study of alcohol in biblical texts or well acquainted. What comes across most strikingly is how central alcohol was to the ancient cultures that Dunne explores, saturating nearly all aspects of life from the social and religious to the economic and political. Despite the distance of many centuries, alcohol still plays a prominent role in our own lives, and it is therefore intellectually vital that we reflect on how biblical texts and their interpretation have shaped our contemporary attitudes and preferences surrounding alcohol consumption. In doing this, Dunne challenges our assumptions and misconceptions regarding wine and beer and provides us with a way to appreciate the many references to alcohol that are spilt across the pages of the Bible.

REBEKAH WELTON, Lecturer in Hebrew Bible, University of Exeter, author of “He Is a Glutton and a Drunkard”: Deviant Consumption in the Hebrew Bible 

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Tasting Guide for The Mountains Shall Drip Sweet Wine

Table of Contents

Part 1: Queueing the Questions

Chapter 1: Introducing a Biblical Theology of Alcohol

  • The Complexity of the Issue
  • The Nature of the Book
  • The Shape of the Book

Part 2: Arriving at Answers

Chapter 2: The Types of Alcoholic Beverages in the Bible

  • Categorizing Ancient Alcoholic Beverages
  • The Two-Wine Theory
  • Fully Fermented Wines
  • New Wines
  • Grape Must and Sweet Wines
  • Sour Wine and Vinegar
  • Beer
  • Conclusion
  • Relevant Questions

Chapter 3: Mixed Drinks and Dilution

  • Mixed Drinks
  • Diluted Wines
  • Conclusion
  • Relevant Questions

Chapter 4: The Production and Economics of Alcoholic Beverages

  • The Production and Economics of Wine
    • Planting and Cultivating Vineyards
    • Harvesting and Treading the Grapes
    • Wine Storage and Trade
    • The Economics of Vineyards
    • The Economics of Wine Consumption
  • The Production and Economics of Beer
  • Conclusion
  • Relevant Questions

Chapter 5: Cultivating God’s Vineyard

  • The Land Promise
    • Blessings and Extensions of the Promise
    • The Promised Land and Its Viticultural Potential
    • The Blessing of Wine and Covenantal Stipulations
  • Wine Consumption on Holy Days
    • The Feast of Trumpets
    • Purim
    • The Feast of Tabernacles
    • Passover
  • The Song of Songs: Wine and Sexuality in the Land
  • Conclusion
  • Relevant Questions

Chapter 6: Alcohol in the Temple System

  • Tithes of Alcohol
  • Libations of Alcohol
    • The Content of Libations
    • Libation in Judges 9
  • The Temple as a Source of Great Food and Wine
  • Conclusion
  • Relevant Questions

Chapter 7: Restrictions and Prohibitions of Alcohol

  • Explicit Restrictions in the Old Testament
  • Explicit Restrictions in the New Testament
  • Conclusion
  • Relevant Questions

Chapter 8: Abstinence and Fasts from Alcohol

  • Samson
  • Hannah and Samuel
  • Job
  • Jeremiah
  • The Rekabites
  • Esther
  • Daniel
  • John the Baptist and Jesus
  • “The Weak” and “The Strong” in Romans 14–15
  • Timothy
  • Conclusion
  • Relevant Questions

Chapter 9: Consuming Alcohol Wisely

  • Proverbial Wisdom on Alcohol
  • Ecclesiastes and Drinking “under the Sun”
  • Conclusion
  • Relevant Questions

Chapter 10: Drunkenness and Vulnerability

  • Vulnerability to Sexual Exploitation
  • Vulnerability to Violence
  • Vulnerability to Divine Judgment
  • Conclusion
  • Relevant Questions

Chapter 11: The Loss of God’s Vineyard

  • Privation as Judgment
  • Israel as God’s Vineyard
  • Israel as God’s Vineyard in Psalm 80
  • Israel as God’s Vineyard in Hosea and Jeremiah
  • Israel as God’s Vineyard in Ezekiel
  • Israel as God’s Vineyard in Isaiah
  • Israel as God’s Vineyard in Jesus’s Teachings
  • Conclusion
  • Relevant Questions

Chapter 12: The Cup of Wrath

  • Harvesting and Treading
  • The Cup of Wrath
  • The Contents of the Cup
  • Passing the Cup
  • The Cup of Gethsemane
  • Conclusion
  • Relevant Questions

Chapter 13: Eschatological Abundance of Wine

  • Viticulture and Restoring the People
  • Viticulture and Revitalizing the Temple
  • Mountains Dripping Sweet Wine in Joel and Amos
  • The Wedding at Cana
  • Conclusion
  • Relevant Questions

Chapter 14: The Eschatological Banquet

  • A Feast Celebrating the Death of Death
  • The Teachings of Jesus
    • The Question about Fasting
    • Feasting in Jesus’s Lukan Parables
    • The Last Supper
  • The Marriage Supper of the Lamb
  • Conclusion
  • Relevant Questions

Chapter 15: The Last Supper and the Blood of Christ

  • Was the Last Supper a Passover Meal?
  • Covenantal Blood
  • The Third Cup of the Passover Meal?
  • The Upper Room Discourse
  • “Drink My Blood”
  • Conclusion
  • Relevant Questions

Chapter 16: The Eucharist and Early Christian Meals

  • Identity and Ethos at Early Christian Meals
  • Participation and the Eucharist in 1 Corinthians 10–11
  • Drunkenness and the Spirit-Filled Community in Ephesians 5:18
  • Conclusion
  • Relevant Questions

Part 3: Reflecting on Relevance

Chapter 17: Alcohol for Today

  • The Giver of All Good Gifts
  • A Diversity of Consumptive Habits
  • The Ritual Use of Alcohol
  • Creation and Embodiment
  • Art and Creativity
  • The Abuse of God’s Gifts
  • God Is Eager to Restore

The Mountains Shall Drip Sweet Wine – Two Cities Podcast Series

▶️ Wine & Beer in the Talmud with Professor Jordan Rosenblum

▶️ Wine & the Mishnah with Rabbi Drew Kaplan

▶️ Dionysus & the New Testament with Professor Courtney Friesen

▶️ Drunkenness in the Old Testament with Dr. Rebekah Welton

▶️ Wine, Soil, and Salvation with Rev. Dr. Mark Scarlata

▶️ A History of Beer in Ancient Mesopotamia with Dr. Tate Paulette

Pre-Order
Expected to ship on or around October 15, 2025

The Mountains Shall Drip Sweet Wine

A Biblical Theology of Alcohol
John Anthony Dunne (Author) , Jonathan Lunde (General Editor)
Dunne has produced a work that is rich and detailed as he explores the biblical traditions around alcohol. In a work that is both scholarly and pastoral, The Mo...
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